Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research
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Cancers rely on multiple, heterogeneous processes at different scales, pertaining to many biomedical fields. Therefore, understanding cancer is necessarily an interdisciplinary task that requires placing specialised experimental and clinical research into a broader conceptual, theoretical, and methodological framework. Without such a framework, oncology will collect piecemeal results, with scant dialogue between the different scientific communities studying cancer. We argue that one important way forward in service of a more successful dialogue is through greater integration of applied sciences (experimental and clinical) with conceptual and theoretical approaches, informed by philosophical methods. By way of illustration, we explore six central themes: (i) the role of mutations in cancer; (ii) the clonal evolution of cancer cells; (iii) the relationship between cancer and multicellularity; (iv) the tumour microenvironment; (v) the immune system; and (vi) stem cells. In each case, we examine open questions in the scientific literature through a philosophical methodology and show the benefit of such a synergy for the scientific and medical understanding of cancer.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | Biological Reviews |
Vol/bind | 98 |
Sider (fra-til) | 1668-1686 |
Antal sider | 19 |
ISSN | 1464-7931 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
Special thanks to Maël Lemoine, Jean‐François Moreau, Clémence Guillermain, and Macha Nikolski. T. P.'s work is supported by the SIRIC‐Brio, Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant GBMF9021; L. L.'s work is supported by Canceropôle Emergence (no. 2021‐1‐EMERG‐54‐CNRS DR 5‐1), ANR (ANR‐19‐CE27‐0027‐01), 80|Prime CNRS program, and Ligue National Contre le Cancer Equipe labelisée EL2020.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.
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